Now let’s look at what’s possible with AI (including Robotics). The entire workflow can be automated by AI/R. A group of robots that can do all of this end-to-end will have a high initial cost, but this is a capital cost, and not an on-going expense. Human labor by contrast is an on-going expense, you have to pay wages regularly. Of course there will be some on-going costs with AI/R, such as the electricity they use to operate, and maintenance and monitoring. However, over time, and especially as we find better ways of harnessing energy (a separate area where AI is likely to lead to significant breakthroughs), operating robots will be much cheaper.